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Fort Nikolaevskaia
Fort Nikolaevskaia was a fur trading post founded by the Lebedev-Lastochkin Company (LLC) in Alaska, the first European settlement on the Alaskan mainland.〔Black, Lydia T. Soviet Anthropology and the Ethnography of Alaska. ''Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique'' 31, No. 2/3 (1990), pp. 327–332.〕 It is located on the site of modern Kenai. It was one of several posts maintained by the company on Cook Inlet. With the creation of a monopoly in Russian America around the Russian-American Company in 1799, the station continued operations until the Alaska Purchase.〔
==Foundation==
A LLC galiot under the command of Pytor Zaikov, the ''Sv. Pavel'', sailed to Three Saints Bay on Kodiak Island in 1786. The trade post was then center of Shelikhov-Golikov Company (SGC) operations, a competing Russian fur company. The crew wintered at the station despite orders given to NEC managers by Grigory Shelikhov to remove, "by force if necessary", competing Russian merchants located near company posts.〔Farrelly, Theodore S. A Lost Colony of Novgorod in Alaska. ''Slavonic and East European Review''. American Series 3, No. 3 (1994), pp. 33–38〕 Zaikov conferred with Evstratii Delarov about locating a suitable area to establish a trade post. Delarov recommended that the LLC employees make their station on Cook Inlet, where his own company had previously "pacified the inhabitants."〔 Sv. Pavel entered Cook Inlet on 1 June 1787 and sailed 15 miles past the NEC Fort Alexander to the entrance of the Kenai River where Fort Nikolaevskaia was established.〔Haycox, Stephen. (''Alaska: An American Colony.'' ) Seattle: University of Washington Press. 2002, p. 73.〕 Above the stockade "a crude wooden carving of the imperial arms" was posted.〔 The sea otters of the inlet were quickly hunted close to extermination by the rival Russian companies. SGC employees began sending recommendations to Aleksandr Baranov to close the SGC trade posts he managed.〔
While leading the Vancouver Expedition, George Vancouver sailed to Fort Nikolaevskaia on 10 May 1794. The British captain recorded there were about 25 buildings within the stockade. Besides the residency of the commanding officer, there 23 dwellings "of different dimensions all huddled together without any kind of regularity..." inhabited by primarily Dena'ina laborers or relatives.〔 Vancouver went on to described the trading post as comprising a space of about an hundred yards square, fenced in by a very stout paling of small spars of pine and birch, placed close together about twelve feet high. They were fixed firm in the ground, yet they appeared to be a very defenseless barricade against any hostile attempts, even of the Indians, as the whole might easily be reduced to ashes by fire on the outside, as could also their houses within the fence, those being built with wood and covered in with thatch. The largest of these, resembling in its shape a barn, was about thirty-five yards long, about as many feet in breadth, and about ten or twelve feet high; this was appropriated to the residence of thirty-six Russians... all of whom but the commander reside in this house〔Vancouver, George (''A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific Ocean... Vol. 3.'' ) London: J. Edwards Pall Mall and G. Robinson Paternoster Row. 1798, pp. 140–143.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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